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SEL Number: 07CD-04-LASR
Title: Detector, Stand-Off, Laser-Based, Chemical


Last Updated: 9/27/2024 12:53:48 PM

Previous SEL Number: 07CD-04-LASR

Description: A standoff chemical detector based upon active laser-based interrogation of targets from a distance using an unconfined laser beam. The laser-target interaction produces a spectral signature denoting the chemical composition of the target. Chemical materials exhibit unique spectral signatures.

Depending upon the technology, units may be mature or in the prototype form. These include, but are not limited to, standoff Raman Spectroscopy, Laser Acoustics, Laser Photothermal Imaging and Spectroscopy, and Laser Photofragmentation. Only bulk quantities of chemicals in plain view have been successfully detected.
DIQCode: [D, I]

ImportantFeatures: Hand-held Raman technology currently exists for distances of 1 to 2 meters.

Some other devices purport to operate up to 100-meters standoff (purchasers are encouraged to validate such claims prior to purchase). Such products are generally larger systems operated with vehicle or generator power.

Smaller devices can be mounted on robots for 1-3 meter probing of suspicious objects.
Spectral libraries are updatable.

Operating Considerations: Warning: Many of the laser-based standoff systems currently under development utilize Class 3B and 4 lasers, which makes eye safety a CRITICAL ISSUE, both for operators and for downrange personnel. Other devices utilize Class 3R lasers. ANSI
American National Standards Institute
's description of 3R lasers states "These products are potentially hazardous under certain viewing conditions and when the eye is properly focused and stable, but the probability of an actual injury is small, so they have reduced controls." (Source ANSI
American National Standards Institute
Blog: Laser Safety: Class 1, 1C, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B, and 4 https://blog.ansi.org/?p=158530 )

Note that Laser radiation should not be confused with ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays. Laser hazards exist only along the beam path.

Warning: These types of systems, in order to reduce the potential for lasing anything but the selected target, must be mounted in a highly stabilized platform with very good aiming accuracy out to distances beyond the targets range. These laser systems are hazardous beyond the target distance out to distances that are dependent on the laser's output characteristics. It is imperative to consult with the manufacturer to establish precise rules of operation to ensure safe operation.

Warning: The intensity of some lasers is sufficient to ignite some flammable/explosive compounds such as black powder. Exercise caution in explosive environments or with large samples.

Consult user manual for proper temperature operating range of device.
Consider type and availability of batteries or other required power source.
Consider strengths and weaknesses of specific technologies, and utilize multiple technologies to increase confidence levels.
Additional expense may be involved in purchasing / maintaining libraries.

ICostRating: $$$$
MCostRating: $$$

Training Requirements: Core Training: NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
470 Section 8 or Section 10 and per Manufacturer's Specifications.
Initial Training: Extensive (>2 days)
Sustainment Training: Extensive (>2 days)

Mandatory Standards:

Applicable Standards and References:


MSSL:
  • Preventive Rad/Nuc Detection
  • REL: Full Canadian Recommended Equipment List
  • REL: LOS-1, Multi-Agency Intervention
  • REL: LOS-2, Scout/Reconnaissance Mission
  • REL: LOS-3, Suspicious Powder Response